Evaluation of main agronomic characteristics of Vietnamese colored rice group

Abstract

A genetic diversity study conducted on 150 colored rice landraces from various ecological zones in Vietnam revealed a rich and diverse genetic. Evaluation of 41 agronomic traits demonstrated significant variations in plant height, growth duration, 1000-grain weight and seed coat color. Specifically, 62.6% of the accessions exceeded 100 cm in height, 70% had a medium to long growth duration and 49 accessions had a 1000-grain weight greater than 30 g, with GBVN014650 recording the highest value at 37.9 g. The seed coat color exhibited a wide range, including purple (92 accessions), white (25 accessions), red (20 accessions), light brown, speckled brown (9 accessions) and brown (4 accessions). Genetic similarity analysis revealed distinct differentiation among the accessions, dividing them into two main groups. Group I comprised 62 varieties with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.39 to 0.96, with GBVN016873 and GBVN016877 showing the highest similarity (0.96). Group II included 88 accessions with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.49 to 0.89. This diversity underscores the significant potential for developing colored rice cultivars with high yield, superior quality and broad adaptability to various cultivation conditions in Vietnam. Furthermore, this study provides a valuable resource for in-depth studies on the genetic mechanisms underlying important traits.